- Todorov's Theory of Equilibrium - There is an equilibrium with Sam perfectly happy, sitting in his chair, then Philippa comes in and disrupts the equilibrium.
- Principles of Continuity - We followed the 180 degree rule throughout our sequence. We actually filmed a shot that broke the rule, and once in the sequence it didn't flow properly and looked confusing so we decided to remove it. We also used match on action, in particular between the two shots of Philippa sitting down, meaning we edited the two together to make it look like one flowing movement. We also incorporated shot/reverse/shot to film the conversation between the two characters, editing together multiple OTS shots to make the conversation flow.
Wednesday, 20 October 2010
Prelim Task Evaluation Questions
Posted by Latymer Media 2010 at 02:38 0 comments
Labels: preliminary task
Thursday, 14 October 2010
Research: Barthes Codes in Film Openings (Dorian Gray)
2. Identify the enigma codes within the opening - what kinds of questions are posed and how is the audience meant to read these codes?
3. Identify key characters and think about what they represent in the opening
4. Interpret the cultural codes in the opening. What kind of knowledge is being drawn on? social/historical/political/art and culture etc. Highlight the 3 most important references in the opening that help with audience understanding.
5. Identify key themes and analyse how they are presented visually/technically.
Posted by Latymer Media 2010 at 11:21 0 comments
Labels: research
Friday, 8 October 2010
Research: Continuity in film clips (Inception)
Inception (2010)
Posted by Latymer Media 2010 at 04:14 0 comments
Labels: research
Tuesday, 5 October 2010
Research: Levi-Strauss's Theory of Binary Opposites (10 Things I Hate About You)
10 Things I Hate About You (1999)
1. What is the genre of the film? How are the genre signifiers introduced?
This film is a High School Romantic Comedy. We can tell this by the cheery pop music used with the colourful titles at the very beginning of the film. The first characters we see are a group of teenage girls looking over-the-top happy and dancing in their open-top car, which we would expect to see in a romcom aimed at teenagers. The soundtrack then changes to a rock song, Bad Reputation, which clearly fits with the rebellious teenage girl we are introduced to next. All the girls are quite stereotypical - the cheery, girly girls and the lone, miserable-looking rebel - which fits with the conventions of this kind of film, and the way the girls look at each other in quite a bitchy way suggests that this film is a lot to do with cliques and social statuses, another key genre signifier. The next scene clearly shows a high school, and a boy shows a new student around the school whilst talking him through all the different cliques at the school, which is very stereotypical of this genre. There is also of course the classic 'love at first sight' moment with Joseph Gordon-Levitt's new student character and the typical blonde queen bee of the school.
2. Who are the main characters and how are they opposed?
There are a few main characters in this film: Kat, Patrick, Bianca and Cameron. Bianca is the pretty, popular good-girl, Kat is her rebellious older sister, Cameron is the new boy and Patrick is the mysterious 'bad-boy'. The first binary opposite we see (1:06 mins) is the group of girly, perfectly groomed, dancing girls listening to pop music in their car, in contrast to Kat pulling up in her car, on her own, listening to loud rock music ('I Don't give a damn about my reputation...') dressed in dark clothing and looking pretty miserable. The way the camera slowly pans across the screen from the girls in the first car to Kat really emphasises the contrast between them. The next binary opposite (2:42 mins) is between Cameron and Patrick. Cameron has just been shown as quite a nervous, stammery, innocent character, and when he rushes to leave the school office he comes face to face with Patrick, who is much taller and bigger-built than him. Patrick stares at him, looking tough, whereas Cameron is jittery, looks quite startled by him, and nods at him nervously before stumbling out. We are then shown a lot of binary opposites between all the different cliques around the school. There is another strong contrast (5:41 mins) between Kat and the rest of her fellow pupils in her class, shown when she voices her strong opinions that no-one else seems to agree with, especially when one girl describes Hemingway as 'so romantic' and Kat argues back that he was actually 'an abusive, alcoholic misogynist'.
3.What are the main themes of the film and how are they introduced?
One of the main themes will most likely be Cameron's attempt to get Bianca to go out with him, as we can guess by the way he seems to be enchanted by her as soon as he sees her that he won't just forget about her and not bother, despite being told that she is way out of his league and that she can't date anyway. This will of course involve one of the main themes of Romance, and probably Comedy too. There is also the theme of Rebellion, and Non-comformity, as we can tell that Kat is very outspoken with strong opinions, and the viewers will want to know whether she will stay like that throughout the film or maybe change her ways. We also wonder how Patrick will come into it, as he is introduced as a main character but he hasn't really had any connection with any of the other characters yet, although because he seems like such a strong character, we want to know more about him and what will happen to do with him and the other characters. The audience will probably guess that Kat and Patrick will have some kind of romance, as they are both shown as rebellious, non-comforming characters.
4. How is the narrative organised to show conflict?
The narrative deliberately flows straight from the girly-girls in their car to Kat in her car to show the difference between them, and these differences, plus the way they look at each other in an unfriendly way and Kat's outspoken attitudes, suggests that there will be a conflict between Kat and some of the other girls in her school, even if it's not necessarily these particular girls. The sudden switch of the music also shows conflict between their opinions and tastes. We already see conflict between Kat and her teacher, as well as Kat and Joey (a boy in her class) when she argues with them about literature.
Posted by Latymer Media 2010 at 02:42 0 comments
Labels: research
Monday, 4 October 2010
Research: Principles of Continuity
From reading the notes I have learnt a lot of different continuity techniques and rules, and they will be extremely useful to me and my group when it comes to shooting my film opening sequence, as it will look much more professional and effective. I broke a lot of continuity rules whilst filming for the 'accident task' but I didn't even know the rules existed, so now I know I won't be breaking them again, unless intentionally for effect. Here are some of the things I've learnt...
Camera directions and techniques create different effects when filming, and directors use a full range of shot distances. For example:
- Close-Ups for emotion, shock value, to put the audience right in the action, to focus on something important
- Mid range for dialogue, action and for linking shots
- Long range to establish a scene or to show large scale action
- OTS shots to place us on the side of a character and empathise with them
- Camera movement to create the effect of physical movement
- To cut the film down to the required length
- To remove unwanted material and mistakes
- To change the order of shots and the way events are portrayed
- To establish a particular style for the production
- Cuts to vary pace and rhythmn
- Fades
- Dissolves to slow time down or link action in different time frames (eg. dreams, flashbacks, etc.)
- Wipes
THE 180 DEGREE RULE
There is an imaginary line which cuts through the middle of the scene and crossing this line changes the viewer's perspective so that it will create disorientation, therefore breaking the 180 degree rule. There is a similar rule for a moving subject: keep to one side of the direction of motion.
THE 30 DEGREE RULE
Don't change the camera angle by less than 30 degrees within the same framing, or viewers may notice a visible 'jump' in the footage known as a jump cut.
EYELINE MATCHING
The direction of the characters' gazes must stay the same.
MATCH ON ACTION
Movement should be edited so that the character has clearly moved between shots otherwise the action will appear as if it's been repeated.
SHOT/REVERSE/SHOT
When filming two characters talking to each other, film a master shot, then film again close to one character and again close on the other character, allowing you to cut between these three different shots throughout the conversation.
SHOT ORDER
Edit together certain shot distances for a smooth narrative, or it may seem jumpy, for example a CU to a LS may not flow very well in a conventional sequence.
There are many different techniques used in the editing room once the film has been shot:
- Transitions are used to link shots together and make the audience make sense of the film the way you intend them to.
- Sound is added, for example diagetic sound (sound effects), non-diagetic sound (not part of what's on screen eg. music) and a sound bridge (used to link two scenes).
- Lighting can be high-key, low-key for dramatic contrasts, from below to make a subject appear threatening or backlighting to produce a 'halo' effect around the edges of a subject.
- Colour can be edited, for example cold/blue lighting can signify alienation or coldness, whereas warm/yellow lighting can signify comfort and warmth. Very intense colours are describesd as saturated, and sepia or black and white effects can be used to represent a scene set in the past.
Posted by Latymer Media 2010 at 01:48 0 comments
Labels: research
Sunday, 3 October 2010
Research: Todorov's Theory of Equilibrium (Snow White)
Snow White (1937) [Up to 8:00 mins on the clip]
1. Who are the agents: the protagonist (the main hero who propels the narrative forward) and antagonist (opposing agent).
Our protagonist is of course Snow White, the beautiful, innocent titular character of this classic Disney film, and the antagonist is The Queen, who is the first character we are shown in the opening sequence.
2.Describe the Equilibrium. How is it represented? What kind of camera shots can you identify? (e.g establishing shots to create a sense of space or use of CUs/cutaways to emphasise particular objects/characters faces). Pick out 2 or 3 examples. Describe the mise-en-scene: what meanings do the props/costumes/lighting/framing carry?
The equilibrium is Snow White, living peacefully, clearly quite content with her life as it is by the way she is singing happily. The Queen is also living separately, content with knowing that she is the fairest of them all. We can see a contrast between the two characters by the way that the Queen is in a very dark, eerie looking castle, then it changes (with a fade rather than a cut, but that might be more to do with the technology or conventions at the time rather than for effect) to a bright, outdoor location with lots of white (symbolising peace and purity) where Snow White is sitting. The Queen is wearing more extravagant clothing, in rich purple, the colour of royalty, with a harsh-looking pointed crown and over the top dark makeup, whereas Snow White is in very simple, muted clothing and is drawn with a much more natural beauty. The differences between the two agents are also underlined by their facial expressions: Snow White has a constant smile on her face whilst the Queen is scowling throughout her scene.
3. Is the Disruption or Disequilibrium introduced or hinted at? (e.g the serial killer in "Seven" is introduced in the title sequence).
The suggestion of what will be the disruption of the equilibrium is introduced at the beginning of the film, when the Queen is told by her mirror on the wall that Snow White is now the fairest of them all, rather than the Queen herself. We can tell that the Queen doesn’t like being second by her outrage at this revelation, and when she clutches her hand and gasps, “Snow White!” we guess that she is now going to try and get her revenge on her, therefore disrupting the equilibrium of peace between the two characters.
4. Are there any visual/verbal/aural clues that hint at what the hero's journey might be? (e.g having to solve the murders within a time-limit of seven days in "Seven")
From the Queen’s reaction to finding out that Snow White is fairer than her, we assume that the hero’s journey will be something to do with escaping the Queen’s revenge on her, and attempting to thwart her plans to become the fairest of them all once again. We are also introduced to a handsome prince riding by on a horse, so we can also guess that her journey will have something to do with the prince, either teaming up with him to defeat her or trying to overcome the Queen’s evil to be together. Because it is an old-fashioned classic fairytale, it is likely that it will actually end up with the prince saving Snow White himself. At the end of the clip we see the Queen ordering a hitman to kill Snow White, so escaping death or capture by the Queen will probably be the main journey Snow White has to go through in the movie.
5. From your knowledge of the film, how will the equilibrium be restored and what will be the new equilibrium?
Having watched many classic Disney movies and fairytale before, the viewer will probably guess that the equilibrium will be restored by the death of the Queen, leaving Snow White and her prince to live happily ever after. This is of course what happens, when the Queen falls off of a cliff at the hands of the Seven Dwarves, then the prince kisses Snow White to bring her back to life.
Posted by Latymer Media 2010 at 08:01 0 comments
Labels: research
Monday, 27 September 2010
Storyboarding Links
Here are some good websites I found about how to make storyboards and what they should look like:
How to Storyboard a Movie
This is a very simple video showing the basics on how to create your own storyboard for a movie, great for beginners and a good overview.
How to create a movie storyboard in simple steps
This is another website that explains briefly how to create a storyboard, with explanations of why you do each step and a good example using black & white film noir.
Lesson: Thumbnail Storyboard
This page from WikiUniversity explains how to create a simple thumbnail storyboard, a great activity to get you started with storyboarding. It also has lots of examples from users that have uploaded their own finished storyboards.
Posted by Latymer Media 2010 at 07:28 0 comments
Labels: research
Storyboarding
- It allows the director to visualise all the shots and scenes they want to appear on the screen in the movie.
- It makes it easier to see whether the director's ideas will work on screen when the script is broken down into parts and put on the storyboard.
- It helps the director to make important decisions like how the shots are sequenced, the movement of the actors, and the lighting and camera directions.
- It illustrates how the story will flow between shots when the audience watches the finished film.
- It is a basis for discussion between the film director and the director of photography to decide how each shot will be acted, lit and shot.
- Storyboards on the whole make it much easier to show visual and dramatic ideas.
Posted by Latymer Media 2010 at 07:12 0 comments
Labels: research
Thursday, 23 September 2010
Research: Film Opening Sequence (Secret Window)
Posted by Latymer Media 2010 at 10:19 0 comments
Labels: research
Friday, 17 September 2010
Reflections on a film still shot
I took part in an activity where we had to compose and
photograph film stills that connote a certain genre. Here is my favourite shot from within my group:
1. Describe your shot and identify in what way it could be described as representing your chosen genre
MCU of feet with a hand dangling next to the feet. Frame within a frame - the bottom of the toilet cubicle door can be seen as well as the floor and some dark background on both sides. The feet are wearing dirty pink converse trainers with the laces untied, looking awkward, making the character look more vulnerable and in a mess. The dangling hand has black nail varnish and a bleeding cut on one hand, adding to the darkness of the shot (along with the shadows)and the blood adds gore and horror, signifying the slasher/thriller genre. It also suggests it is for teens as the shoes and nail varnish look like those of a teenage girl.
2. What did you actually do to achieve the effect?
I (the model) sat on the toilet (with the seat down!) and hung my hand by my feet. My hand was already bleeding from an unrelated incident earlier in the day so no fake blood was needed. Charley (the photographer of this shot) crouched down and pointed the camera under the cubicle. We turned all the lights off and just used a pag light to create a lit-up effect on the feet and feet, with shadows all around.
3. Identify what is successful about your shot
I think it actually looks pretty scary because of the blood and the creepy shadows in the background. The styling of the model clearly connotate that it is a film for teenagers, and I like the way the pink of the trainers and the red of the blood stand out from the darkness of the rest of the photo. I also like the way it is shot from under the cubicle, as it suggests that the killer/enemy is creeping up to the victim and peering under the cubicle to get her.
4. What would you do differently in hindsight?
We didn't actually have time to edit the shot, so if we did I would have rotated it, as the horizon is slightly off, and it is not wonky enough to look deliberate. I would also have gotten rid of the toilet roll in the background, as it is quite distracting and ruins the darkness of the background. I would also have brightened and turned up the contrast to make the blood stand out even more and the surroundings even darker to really make it look sinister.
Posted by Latymer Media 2010 at 06:41 0 comments
Labels: research